Original article title
Clinical outcomes after fully visualized transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery in patients with lumbar disc herniation stratified by paraspinal muscle degeneration: A retrospective cohort study.
Abstract conclusion
“Fully visualized transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery was associated with substantial pain relief and functional improvement across all multifidus degeneration grades.”
Keep in mind
Observational · association, not causation.
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